American football

Match Structure and Timing

A match consists of four quarters. Each quarter lasts 15 minutes, giving a total playing time of 60 minutes. The clock stops for specific situations, meaning a game often runs longer than the scheduled 60 minutes. Teams switch sides after the first quarter and again after the third quarter. This rotation ensures neither side plays with the wind at their back for the entire duration.

Player Numbers and Substitutions

At any moment on the field, each team must have exactly eleven players. These players take on specific roles known as positions, such as quarterback or linebacker, depending on whether the team is attacking or defending. A team roster includes these eleven starters plus any number of substitutes. Coaches can swap players in and out between downs without restriction, allowing specialists to enter for short bursts of action.

Scoring and Offences

Points are scored primarily by carrying the ball into the opponent’s end zone for a touchdown worth six points. Alternatively, a team can kick the ball through the goalposts for a field goal worth three points. After a touchdown, the scoring team may attempt an extra point or a two-point conversion. The main offence is moving the ball forward without dropping it. If the offensive team fails to advance the ball ten yards within four attempts, possession changes to the other team.

Tournament Arrangement

In the United States, the National Football League operates as the premier professional circuit. It is structured into conferences and divisions, with teams competing throughout a regular season before entering playoff brackets. The winner of the championship game receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy. Internationally, leagues exist in Europe and other regions, but the NFL remains the central hub for professional American football.