GelreDome

The roof slides shut. When the GelreDome went up in Arnhem-Zuid between 1996 and 1998, it was among the first grounds anywhere to combine a retractable roof with a pitch that could be rolled clear of the bowl altogether. Prince, Iron Maiden, Lady Gaga, The Eagles and Tiesto have all played inside it, and the hard-dance festivals Qlimax and Reverze return to it as a matter of course.

That double life shapes what the grass has to be. The playing surface is a hybrid, roughly nine parts natural grass to one part artificial fibre, laid in the summer of 2015.

The ground opened on 25 March 1998 with Vitesse against NAC Breda, and two years later took three group matches at UEFA Euro 2000: Turkey against Italy, Romania against Portugal, and Slovenia against Norway. It has also stood in for others — PSV Eindhoven met Galatasaray here in the UEFA Champions League in September 2001, and FC Twente hosted Arsenal in Europa League qualifying in August 2008.

The seating has moved the other way. In 2016 Vitesse cut football capacity by around 17 per cent, closing sections of the East, North and main stands to pull supporters nearer the pitch. The stadium has never carried a sponsor's name.