Lukoil Arena

The ground under this one was an airfield. Tushino had never held a stadium before the first stone went down in 2007 — and then the site sat, work stopping and restarting, until the main build got going in 2010. Burkhard Grimm drew it; AECOM prepared the project with the British firm Dexter Moren Associates.

What it has not had is a rebuild. Nothing structural has been altered since it opened — the only later work of note was mounting and finishing the decorative facade cladding. The pitch is the exception: ahead of the 2018 World Cup the natural grass was stitched through with synthetic fibre to a depth of 17 to 18 centimetres.

The fullest it has ever been was 29 October 2016, Spartak against CSKA in the Russian championship, 44,884 through the turnstiles for a 3-1 win. Before that it took Confederations Cup fixtures in 2017, including the third-place match between Portugal and Mexico; in 2018 it hosted five group games and the last-16 tie in which Colombia met England.

The name has moved three times in a decade. Otkritie Arena from September 2014, Otkritie Bank Arena from March 2021, Lukoil Arena since January 2024 — the last after Lukoil bought 100 per cent of both club and stadium in 2022. Between football dates it takes concerts: Muse, Rammstein, Depeche Mode, Ed Sheeran.